CLINICAL GUIDE • Updated February 2026

Best Medical & Dental Laser Systems

Medical lasers are precision instruments where wavelength, pulse structure, and delivery system match specific clinical needs. Here's a comprehensive overview of technologies and applications.

Wavelength Quick Reference

  • Er:YAG (2940nm): Hard tissue, dental, skin resurfacing
  • CO2 (10,600nm): Soft tissue surgery, skin resurfacing
  • Nd:YAG (1064nm): Deep tissue penetration, hair removal, vascular
  • Diode (810-980nm): Versatile, hair removal, soft tissue
  • Alexandrite (755nm): Hair removal on lighter skin
  • Excimer (193nm): LASIK, corneal surgery

Understanding Tissue Interaction

Medical laser selection is fundamentally about chromophore targeting. Different wavelengths are absorbed by specific tissue components:

  • Water (Er:YAG, CO2): Precise ablation with minimal thermal spread
  • Melanin (Alexandrite, Ruby): Hair follicle and pigmented lesion targeting
  • Hemoglobin (Nd:YAG, KTP): Vascular lesion treatment
  • Collagen remodeling: Non-ablative rejuvenation

Dental Lasers

Dental applications have grown rapidly, with lasers now used for:

  • Hard tissue preparation (cavity prep without anesthesia)
  • Soft tissue surgery (gingivectomy, frenectomy)
  • Endodontics (canal disinfection)
  • Periodontal treatment
  • Teeth whitening (activation)

Key Players in Dental

  • BIOLASE: Waterlase series (Er,Cr:YSGG)
  • Morita: Er:YAG systems
  • Fotona: Dual-wavelength (Er:YAG + Nd:YAG)
  • KaVo: Diode and Er:YAG options

Surgical Lasers

CO2 Surgical Lasers

The workhorse of surgical lasers. CO2 lasers excel at soft tissue cutting with hemostasis. Common in:

  • ENT surgery (vocal cord, airway)
  • Gynecology
  • Dermatologic surgery
  • Neurosurgery

Nd:YAG Surgical Applications

  • Urological procedures (bladder tumors, BPH)
  • Vascular surgery
  • Gastroenterology (hemostasis, tumor ablation)

Aesthetic/Dermatology

The aesthetic laser market has exploded with systems for:

  • Skin resurfacing: Fractional CO2, fractional Er:YAG
  • Hair removal: Alexandrite, diode, Nd:YAG
  • Tattoo removal: Q-switched Nd:YAG, picosecond lasers
  • Vascular lesions: Pulsed dye, KTP, Nd:YAG
  • Pigmented lesions: Q-switched Ruby, Alexandrite

Leading Aesthetic Companies

  • Cynosure: Broad portfolio, PicoSure
  • Lumenis: UltraPulse CO2, M22 platform
  • Cutera: Excel HR, enlighten
  • Fotona: StarWalker, SP Dynamis
  • Candela: GentleMax Pro, Nordlys

Ophthalmology

Eye surgery was among the first medical laser applications:

  • Excimer (LASIK): Corneal reshaping for vision correction
  • Nd:YAG: Posterior capsulotomy, glaucoma
  • Argon/Green: Diabetic retinopathy, macular treatment
  • Femtosecond: Flap creation, cataract surgery

Purchasing Considerations

  • ✅ Regulatory clearance (FDA 510(k), CE mark, local requirements)
  • ✅ Clinical training programs
  • ✅ Service and support infrastructure
  • ✅ Consumable costs (fiber tips, handpieces, gases)
  • ✅ Installation requirements (power, cooling, ventilation)
  • ✅ Laser safety officer training and compliance

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